Drama

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performancemazakosansar. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: δράμα, dráma), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: δράω, dráō). The enactment of drama mazakosansar in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception.^[2] The early modern tragedy Hamlet (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus the King (c. 429 BCE) by Sophocles are among the supreme masterpieces of the art of drama.

The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene mazakosansarwas the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's Poetics (c. 335 BCE)—the earliest work of dramatic theory.^[4]

The use of "drama" in the narrow sense to designate a specific type of play dates from the 19th century. Drama in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy nor a tragedy--for example, Zola's Thérèse Raquin (1873) or Chekhov's Ivanov (1887). It is this narrow sense that the film and television industry and film studies adopted to describe "drama" as a genre within their respective media.^[5] "Radio drama" has been mazakosansar used in both senses--originally transmitted in a live performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio.

include spoken Drama is often combined with music and dance: the drama in opera is sung throughout; musicalsdialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have regular musical accompaniment (melodrama and Japanese Nō, for example) In certain periods of history (the ancient Roman and modern Romantic) dramas mazakosansar have been written to be read rather than performed.^[8] In improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance; performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience.

History of Western drama

assical Athenian drama

Tragedy • Comedy • Satyr play Aeschylus • Sophocles • Euripides • Aristophanes • Menander Poetics (335 BCE) • The Birth of Tragedy (1872)

Western drama originates in classical Greece. The theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama: tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating the god Dionysus.Historians know the names of many ancient Greek dramatists, not least Thespis, who is credited with the innovation of an actor ("hypokrites") who speaks (rather than sings) and impersonates a character (rather than speaking in his own person), while interacting with the chorus and its leader ("coryphaeus"), who were a traditional part of the performance of non-dramatic poetry (dithyrambic, lyric and epic).Only a small fraction of the work of five dramatists, however, has survived to this day: we have a small number of complete texts by the tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, and the comic writers Aristophanes and, from the late 4th century, Menander. Aeschylus' historical tragedy The Persians is the oldest surviving drama, although when it won first prize at the City Dionysia competition in 472 BCE, he had been writing plays for more than 25 years.The competition ("agon") for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BCE; official records ("didaskaliai") begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introducedmazakosansar Tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays (though the individual works were not necessarily connected by story or theme), which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play (though exceptions were made, as with Euripides' Alcestis in 438 BCE). Comedy was officially recognised with a prize in the competition from 487-486 BCE. Five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia (though during the Peloponnesian War this may have been reduced to three), each offering a single comedy.^[15] Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between "old comedy" (5th century BCE), "middle comedy" (4th century BCE) and "new comedy" (late 4th century to 2nd BCE).

Electrophilic Addition

(A Molecular Drama)

Characters: Secondary carbon (Sec) is sharing four electrons with Primary Carbon (Prim) to form a propene molecule. Along comes a hungry electrophilic Hydrogen (Hyd) who is bonded to an electron-hogging Chlorine (Chlor).

Hyd: Oh, look at all those electrons on that propene!
Chlor: What's with you? Aren't my electrons good enough for you?
Hyd: (disgusted) Your electrons. That's the whole trouble with you. They're our electrons, you pig!
Prim: Hi, Hydrogen! Nice nucleus!
Chlor: You keep your electrons away from my Hydrogen's nucleus!
Hyd: (to Propene) Would you share your electrons with little old me?
Prim and Sec: Yes!
Hyd: (Shoving electron pair at Chlorine) Here! Keep your precious electrons! I'm going to bond with someone who appreciates me.
(Hydrogen grabs one of the electron pairs shared by Secondary and Primary Carbons, and after a brief struggle, Secondary lets go, leaving Hydrogen bonded to Primary.)
Sec: Help! I'm a carbocation! Someone give me some electrons, quick! (Spots Chlorine.) Hey, you've got electrons to spare. Share them with me.
Chlor: You are very attractive, but my parents always warned me about organic molecules... (Chlorine looks worried, but doesn't try to run away.)
Sec. Don't give me that stuff! We'll smell great together. (Secondary grabs a pair of Chlorine's electrons and makes a bond.) Ah, that's better! (Sec turns angrily to Primary.) How come I always have to be the carbocation? What's wrong with you being a carbocation once in awhile?
Prim. (smugly) It's against the Rule, as you know perfectly well.
Hyd: What Rule?
Prim: Markovnikov's Rule. You see, Secondary there has all kinds of family support. There's me and the Primary on the other side. We lend Secondary as much spare charge as we can afford when Secondary gets stuck as a carbocation. But if I were to become a carbocation (shudder), Secondary there is the only one who could help me out and that's not much.
Hyd: I'd help you, bond-mate!
Prim: That's sweet of you, Hydrogen, but let's face it. You've barely got enough electrons to keep your own nucleus covered.

SMS

Every time I say how are you?
my heart says, I care for you..

Every time I ask how have you been?
my heart whispers, I miss you

SMS2
SWEETHEART, is a special word for LOVE,
LOVE, is special word for CARE,
CARE, is special word for FRIEND,
and
FRIEND, is special word for… ‘YOU”

SMS 3


I love you’ means that
I accept you for the person you are
and that I don’t wish to change you into someone else
it means that I care enough to fight for what we have
and that i love you enough not to let you go….!!!

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